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When is dead really dead – USSR edition?
August 4, 2025 by GuyHeilenman · Leave a Comment
Is a chicken dead when its head is cut off, or when it finally stops moving? How about the flower your grandchild just presented to you as a gift? Was it dead as soon as it was severed from the plant, or will it not be dead until it turns brown? How about a marriage (a court document vs. a covenant before God), our very existence (a doctor’s declaration vs. spiritual implications), or a nation – especially if its formation is similar to The United States of America? How many states would need to secede before one could truthfully claim “The United States is no more”?
These were some of my ponderings as I recently came across two issues related to the demise of The Soviet Union. The first was The Philadelphia Inquirer dated August 25, 1991 which reported Mikhail Gorbachev’s resignation and his formal statement requesting for the Soviet Communist Party to dissolve, and the second was a December 9, 1991 issue of The Los Angeles Times which had the bold heading: “Slavic States Call Soviet Union Dead, Form a Commonwealth”. The dissolution may not have been official until December 26, 1991, but many would argue the death really took place back in August when Gorbachev made his announcement and plea. Still some would say its status is more like that of a cicada. Buried, but latently waiting for just the right moment to rise again and loudly make its presence known (the last statement read with the Jaws soundtrack playing in the background). Regardless of how things play out over time, the list of once-powerful nations which no longer exist is a sober warning to anyone who thinks today’s top players will exist forever.
Announcing: Catalog #357 for August, 2025 – Rare & Early Newspapers…
August 1, 2025 by GuyHeilenman · Leave a Comment
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August’s catalog (#357)
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Ben Franklin’s 1st contribution to The Gentleman’s Magazine, London…
July 25, 2025 by GuyHeilenman · 1 Comment
Many are aware Ben Franklin was a frequent contributor to The Gentleman’s Magazine (London); however, few can name his 1st appearance. What makes the task more difficult is his proclivity for signing his work using pseudonyms. Thankfully his work has been extensively researched – an effort which was aided by his prolific record keeping.
So, was it an article related to electricity, a game (“the morals of chess”), a puzzle (“magic square of squares”), he thoughts on marriage, or a treatise regarding the poor? No, it was the text of a speech (supposedly) given before a Colonial Court by a woman named of Polly Baker.
Thanks to enhanced research tools, a synopsis is as follows:
“The Speech of Polly Baker” is a satirical essay first published anonymously in The Gentleman’s Magazine in April 1747. It is now widely attributed to Benjamin Franklin, who is believed to have written it around 1746. Although the piece was initially published without attribution, Benjamin Franklin is almost certainly the author. This is supported by evidence from Franklin’s own correspondence, accounts from contemporaries, and stylistic analysis. Franklin was known for using pseudonyms and anonymous satire to criticize social and political norms, and this work fits that pattern.
Summary
- The essay takes the form of a fictional courtroom speech by a woman named Polly Baker, who is on trial for the fifth time for having an illegitimate child out of wedlock—a crime under colonial law.
- In her speech, Polly eloquently defends herself by questioning the justice of punishing women for fornication while men (the fathers) go unpunished and even rise to positions of honor.
- She argues that she has done nothing wrong morally, since she brought children into the world and cared for them, and should be praised, not punished.
- The satire points to:
- Hypocrisy in the legal system.
- The unequal treatment of women, particularly in matters of sexuality and reproduction.
- Broader critiques of colonial laws and moral attitudes.
Historical Significance
- “The Speech of Miss Polly Baker” is one of the earliest American critiques of gender inequality.
- It reflects Enlightenment ideals—particularly reason, natural rights, and critiques of tradition.
- The piece prefigures later feminist arguments about the double standards in sexual morality.
Reception in 1747
- When it was published, readers largely did not know it was a satire by Franklin.
- Many believed the account was true, and some thought Polly Baker was a real person.
- The piece generated significant interest and discussion in Britain and the American colonies, especially because of its radical tone.
- It was reprinted widely in newspapers and magazines, suggesting it was popular and provocative.
Some clergy and conservative voices were critical, viewing the essay as undermining traditional moral values, while Enlightenment thinkers and reform-minded readers praised its rhetorical skill and boldness.
Legacy
- Today, “The Speech of Polly Baker” is studied as a landmark example of early American satire and as a precursor to later feminist and legal critiques.
- It shows Franklin’s ability to use humor and irony to challenge unjust systems and conventions.
Note: The full text of this Franklin work can be read at Founders Online of the National Archives.
From the Vault: Creating Harper’s Weekly engravings: a fascinating process…
July 21, 2025 by TimHughes · 14 Comments
Harper’s Weekly issues of the 19th century remain among the more popular in our inventory, as the multiple engravings found in each issue document much of American history from 1857 through the end of the century. We have over 60,000 issues in inventory but still some dates are sold out as soon as they arrive. I suspect most of you have seen this title, but few may be aware of the interesting process of creating the prints in a timely manner.
The story of how Harper’s delivered this amazing product during the Civil War is a fascinating one, and I must give credit to www.sonofthesouth.net for much of detail.
The process started by the deployment of not only reporters but also artists to the battlefield. Some of the most renowned artists of the 1800’s got their start as illustrators for Harper’s Weekly, including Winslow Homer and Thomas Nast. These artists would sketch scenes of the battles that they witnessed and the sketches would then be dispatched back to Harper’s for publication in the upcoming papers.
In order to publish the artwork, the images first had to be carved onto a block of wood. But it would take too much time for a single engraver to carve an entire print, particularly given the timeliness of each issue. To provide the illustrations as quickly as possible, a very clever idea was developed. The illustration would be cut into 2 inch squares and each square would be engraved onto a different small block of wood by an assigned carver.
By dividing the illustration up, each artist assigned to just a portion, a team of workers could carve a full page illustration in a short period of time. After the small blocks were completed they were then screwed together to form the overall illustration and a finishing engraver would provide final touches to be sure the pieces were perfectly aligned. This completed wood block was then used as a “master” to stamp the illustration onto all the newspapers being printed. If you look at a Harper’s engraving carefully you can often see where the blocks of wood were joined together.
It wasn’t until the 1890’s that the technology of printing caused the end of hand-done engravings for the pages of Harper’s and other illustrated periodicals. With the demise of this labor-intensive trade also came the end of some of the more beautiful works of art to be found on paper. They remain treasures today and hearken back to an era when artistry and long hours of work were an important part in providing the news.
(This post was originally published on March 23, 2009.)
The July, 2025 Newsletter from Timothy Hughes Rare & Early Newspapers…
July 19, 2025 by GuyHeilenman · Leave a Comment
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Editors take note: be careful what accompanies a headline…
July 18, 2025 by TimHughes · 1 Comment
With so many newspapers flowing through our company every year, it would be no surprise that occasionally something very unusual would be noticed. Such is the case with the November 22, 1963 issue of THE ATLANTA JOURNAL, their “Second Extra”. This edition has a curious–if not macabre–combination of headline and photo.
As would be expected of an “Extra” of this date, the large & bold headline proclaims: “KENNEDY KILLED”, but immediately beneath it is a photo of a street sweeper pushing his trash cart. The cart has what appears to be the bottom half of a mannequin protruding from it, with the caption: “Sweeper Means What He Says”, as if related to the assassination report.
One might excuse the editor, for I’m sure that, in rushing this edition to the streets as quickly as possible, the planned headline was removed and the Kennedy death report was quickly inserted with little thought as to what else was scheduled above the fold that day. Indeed, the “Third Extra” has the same headline but a photo of the Kennedy motorcade immediately after the shooting.
This issue remains one of the more unique & “interesting” newspapers of the 20th century, and a great example to editors everywhere to be aware of headlines & unrelated photos that appear in close proximity.
From the Vault: American history in British newspapers…
July 7, 2025 by TimHughes · Leave a Comment
After 50 years in the hobby I can honestly say today as I said then: collecting early newspapers is an inexpensive hobby when compared to other collectibles of like vintage. And the reason is basic economics: supply and demand. Although the collecting fraternity has increased through the years, and the supply of early newspapers has dwindled some, prices still remain a relative bargain for material over 100—and over 200—years old.
Exceptions exist. American newspapers of the 18th century are few and far between today. When I began in the hobby in the mid-1970’s, finding the occasional 18th century bound volume of American newspapers was rather common. I even purchased a number of volumes of colonial and Revolutionary War newspapers printed in the colonies. Such purchases are very rare today, and consequently prices for American titles before the1790’s can be exorbitant for many collectors.
Which brings me to this topic. We are fortunate in this hobby to have a terrific alternative to American newspapers of the colonial era: British newspapers. Keeping in mind that the American colonies were British possessions at the time, considerable American reporting was not uncommon (and I can attest that American newspapers of the same period had considerable European reports!). In fact most British newspapers took their accounts directly from American newspapers so the reporting was identical. And the added bonus of British newspaper reports is commentary with a British bias, offering an interesting perspective to what we remember from history class.
Hobbyists of 25 – 50 years ago eschewed British titles because American titles were so common. But today the collecting market is much different. In many respects I see today’s availability & pricing of British titles much like the situation with American titles 50 years ago. We can find major American events of the colonial era at prices still under $1000 (higher for the “best of the best”) in the London Chronicle or like titles, and under $300 for second tier events. We find there is typically a 5 fold price difference between reports in American versus British newspapers. We’ve sold the Boston Tea Party for $1150 in the London Chronicle. In an American newspaper a like account would exceed $10,000. We’ve sold the Boston Massacre in the London Chronicle for the same price. And yet again, it would easily exceed $10,000 in an American title. One of the most significant documents of the Revolutionary War, “The Causes & Necessity For Taking Up Arms”, we sell as a $540 item in the Gentleman’s Magazine, yet we sold it for $5550 in the New England Chronicle a number of years ago – and today it would go for $8,000-$12,000+. Same complete document, both from 1775, one within the budget of most collectors, the other not.
But prices are rising for British imprints as more collectors are becoming aware that if they want their collection to contain all the significant events of the 18th century, British newspapers and magazines are their only alternative. The Declaration of Independence remains the most desired event for American collectors. An American newspaper printing is beyond the budgets of almost all collectors, if available at all. An auction price of $50,000 – $75,000 would be expected, while we recently sold the same document in the London Chronicle for $8775. But I will also note it was not long ago that we sold it for $4450. Our current price for a front page account of the Battle of Lexington & Concord in the London Chronicle is $985. Our previous sale of the identical dated issue was $440.
Where will the hobby be with such events in another 25-50 years? Will all 18th century newspapers–American and British–be considered museum pieces? Much will determine where prices go and I will not hazard a guess. But I am pleased that as the hobby enters a crossroad in availability versus pricing, we currently have a reasonable path to follow for the foreseeable future. These are interesting times for the collecting fraternity.
Announcing: Catalog #356 for July, 2025 – Rare & Early Newspapers…
June 27, 2025 by GuyHeilenman · Leave a Comment
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June 19, 1865 – The historical foundation of “Juneteenth”…
June 19, 2025 by GuyHeilenman · Leave a Comment
“Juneteenth”, also known as “Freedom Day”, traces its roots to June 19, 1865, when Union General Gordon Granger arrived in Galveston, Texas, and issued General Order No. 3, officially freeing the last enslaved people in the western Confederacy. Though President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation went into effect on January 1, 1863, its enforcement relied on Union military presence, leaving remote areas like Texas unaware of their liberty until Granger’s announcement more than two years later.
In the years that followed, formerly enslaved communities in Texas and beyond began marking June 19th with readings of the Emancipation Proclamation, songs like “Lift Every Voice and Sing,” and family gatherings. These early observances blended solemn reflection on the horrors of slavery with joyful celebration of resilience and community, laying the groundwork for a distinctly African American holiday honoring freedom and heritage.
Though Texas led the way by making Juneteenth an official state holiday in 1980, its recognition spread gradually until June 17, 2021, when it became a federal holiday—Juneteenth National Independence Day. Today, Juneteenth invites all Americans to reflect on our nation’s delayed promise of liberty, celebrate African American culture, and renew the commitment to racial equality and justice.
Since Juneteenth’s elevation to a federal holiday in 2021, collectors have eagerly hunted for contemporary newspaper accounts of those first celebrations following General Granger’s Order. Yet, such early reports remain elusive—a notable exception being a brief item in the June 21, 1866 issue of The New York Times (shown below).
Although firsthand press coverage is scarce, that scarcity in no way diminishes the profound significance of American slavery’s end. Our nation’s work to fulfill the promise enshrined in the Declaration of Independence—“that all men are created equal” and endowed with “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness”—remains unfinished. We must press on with unwavering resolve, viewing one another through the lens of divine dignity birthed by our Creator and allowing that vision to guide how we honor and uplift each and every person.
For those who would like to explore additional related topics through the eyes of “rare & early” newspapers, feel free to peruse the issues found through the following links:
Slavery
Emancipation
Abolition
Snapshot June, 1875 – Winslow Homer…
June 16, 2025 by GuyHeilenman · Leave a Comment
Just for fun, I searched through our listings (RareNewspapers.com) to see what interesting events made the news during the month of June from 150 years ago. Honestly, I was slightly underwhelmed. My next step was to search On This Day’s website to see if perhaps we had missed any significant events. Again, and with sincere apologies to anyone who might know of something “newsworthy” which occurred during this timeframe, I think I dosed off once or twice while reading through the list – and it was relatively short. Not prone to raising a white flag prematurely, I made one last attempt adding the key word “newspapers” to my inquiry, and there it was. While my “find” may not be interesting to most, it certainly was to our beloved collectible:
Winslow Homer’s last print for Harper’s Weekly appeared within the issue dated June 26, 1875 – 150 years ago this month. After such wonderful contributions as his “Beardless Lincoln”, “Gathering Berries”, “Snap the Whip”, “Waiting for a Bite” and more, what might he chose to illustrate for his final curtain call? A tribute to those who put their lives on the line for the sake of freedom. Shown below is his “Battle of Bunker Hill–Watching the Fight From Copp’s Hill, In Boston”.
Thanks Winslow. You certainly did your part to help immortalize key events and unique personalities from the mid/late 1800s.